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Exhibit Preview - Prisoners and Casualties

The life of a Civil War soldier or sailor involved week after week of routine drills, inspections, and housekeeping. Combat relieved the tedium, but often with bitter consequences such as death, injury, or captivity that changed lives forever. A variety of diseases ran through the ranks, causing even more misery than battle

  • What risks did soldiers face?

  • What kinds of care did the wounded, sick, and dead receive?

  • How were prisoners treated by their captors?

The records in this area document the terrible costs of battle through the stories of those who survived as well as those who fell.

Conflicting Positions

Conflicting positions

In 1862 the two armies agreed to exchange prisoners. The agreement broke down after the Emancipation Proclamation, in part because Confederate leaders wanted black Union soldiers treated as rebellious slaves. In this letter, a Confederate officer outlines his position on Pvt. Wilson Wood of the 6th United States Colored Heavy Artillery. The Union commander replied: "When the United States made negroes soldiers it assured towards them the same obligations as were due to any others who might wear its uniform and bear its flag."

National Archives, Records of the Adjutant General's Office, 1790s-1917

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Conflicting positions Conflicting positions